Maregesi: Tume ndiyo itaamua hatima yangu
Adai aliisaidia Jumuia ya Wazazi mil. 100/-
Asema anaheshimu maamuzi ya Chama
Na Thomas Mtinge
MWENYEKITI wa Jumuia ya Wazazi ya CCM, Abiud Maregesi amekiri kuwa amesimamishwa uongozi na kwamba, tume iliyoundwa kumchunguza ndiyo itatoa ukweli.Kukiri kwa Maregesi kumekuja baada ya baadhi ya vyombo vya habari kuripoti kuwa, yeye na wenzake kadhaa wamesimamishwa uongozi na Kamati Kuu ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi kwa madai ya ubadhirifu wa fedha za jumuia hiyo zaidi ya sh. milioni 160.Akizungumza kwa njia ya simu jana, Maregesi alisema ni kweli yeye na Kaimu Katibu Mkuu wake Hinju Cosmas wamesimamishwa uongozi.Alisema Kamati Kuu imeunda tume itakayofanya kazi ya kuchunguza tuhuma zinazowakabili. Taarifa ya kusimamishwa kwao uongozi bado haijatolewa rasmi na Chama.Maregesi alisema anaheshimu uamuzi wa Chama na kwamba yeye kwa nafsi yake anaamini hakuna baya alilolifanya kwenye jumuia hiyo, aliyoitumikia kwa kujitolea zaidi.Alidai alipoingia madarakani katika jumuia hiyo aliikuta ina uwezo mdogo wa kifedha na alilazimika kusaidia sh. milioni 100.“Wakati nilipoanza uongozi niliikuta jumuia ikiwa katika hali mbaya kifedha, hivyo nilijitahidi kutoa sh. milioni 100 kwa ajili ya kuisaidia ili iweze kuendesha shughuli zake. Itashangaza leo hii tena nibadilike na kuanza kufuja fedha za jumuia ambayo hali yake si ya kuridhisha kifedha,” alidai Maregesi.Alidai jumuia hiyo aliikuta ikiwa katika hali isiyoridhisha kiuchumi, huku ikikabiliwa na deni kubwa la pango la nyumba inayotumika kwa ajili ya ofisi zake. Jengo hilo linamilikiwa na Shirika la Nyumba la Taifa (NHC), liko karibu na soko kuu la Kariakoo, Dar es Salaam.Maregesi alidai kutokana na hali hiyo, amekuwa akitumia sehemu ya fedha zake kuisaidia jumuia hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kulipia sehemu ya kodi ya pango, ili kuepusha ofisi kufungwa na shirika hilo.Hata hivyo, Maregesi hakutaka kuzungumzia zaidi suala hilo kwa maelezo kwamba anaheshimu maamuzi yaliyotolewa na Kamati Kuu.“Baadhi ya vyombo vya habari vimekuwa vikinitafuta kwa ajili ya kutaka kujua undani wa sakata la mimi na wenzangu kusimamishwa uongozi kwa tuhuma za ubadhirifu wa fedha za shule zinazomilikiwa na Jumuia ya Wazazi.“Kwa sasa sina muda wa kuzungumzia suala hilo kwa sababu lipo katika ngazi ya juu ya CCM... lazima tuheshimu utaratibu uliowekwa mpaka tume iliyoundwa itakapomaliza uchunguzi wake,” alisema Maregesi.Alisema haoni sababu na si jambo la busara kuanza kulizungumzia suala hilo kwa undani kupitia vyombo vya habari, kwani kwa kufanya hivyo atakuwa amekiuka maadili ya CCM.Kwa mujibu wa Maregesi, tume hiyo ndiyo itakayobaini ukweli wa tuhuma hizo, na kuongeza kwamba binafsi hakuhusika na ubadhirifu huo kama inavyodaiwa.Katika sakata hilo, Kamati Kuu iliyomaliza kikao chake cha siku mbili mjini Dodoma juzi, ilitoa maamuzi ambayo pamoja na mambo mengine, imewasimamisha uongozi kwa muda usiojulikana Maregesi, Hinju na msaidizi wake aliyefahamika kwa jina moja la Mpemba.
Lowassa apangua tena wakurugenzi
Na Mwandishi Maalum
WAZIRI Mkuu Edward Lowassa amewahamisha vituo vya kazi wakurugenzi wanane wa halmashauri za wilaya.Kwa mujibu wa taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari iliyotokewa jana na Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, uhamisho huo unatokana na kuanzishwa kwa halmashauri za wilaya mpya na kuteuliwa kwa wakurugenzi wapya.Waliopata uhamisho na vituo vyao vya kazi vya zamani katika mabano ni Theones A. Nyamhanga anayekwenda Babati (akitokea Musoma); Gladys Dyamvunye, Ileje (Mpwapwa) na Halifa H. Hida, Arusha (Mufindi).Wengine ni L.A. Shimwela, Mufindi (Kishapu); Andrew F. Juma, Meatu (Kiteto); Jacob Kayange, Rorya (Tarime); Yona Mlaki, Mpwapwa (Ileje) na Frederick Ntabakanyule, Musoma (Handeni).Uhamisho huo unatokana na kuanzishwa kwa halmashauri za wilaya mpya nane, kubadilisha majina nyingine mbili na kupandisha hadhi Mamlaka za Miji Midogo ya Mpanda na Njombe kuwa Halmashauri za Miji.Halmashauri mpya ni Arusha, Longido, Bahi, Misenyi, Chato, Nanyumbu, Mkinga na Rorya.Kutokana na hatua hiyo, Waziri Mkuu Lowassa aliwateua wakurugenzi wapya wa Mamlaka za Serikali za Mitaa.Wakurugenzi wapya waliotangazwa mwishoni mwa wiki iliyopita na vituo vyao vya kazi ni Christian M. Laizer (Longido); Elly Jesse Mlaki (Kishapu); Fortnatus Fwema (Iramba); Hamida Kikwega (Chato) na Lucy L. Msofe (Lushoto).Wengine ni Shaibu Mnunduma (Bukoba); Festo L. Kang’ombe (Kiteto); Mohammed S. Nkya (Nanyumbu); Mariam Mtunguja (Nachingwea); Beatrice Msomisi (Bahi) na Xavier Tilweselekwa (Handeni).Wakurugenzi waliohamishwa na kutangazwa mwishoni mwa wiki iliyopita na vituo vyao vya zamani kwenye mabano ni Dk. Isdor Mtalo, Misenyi (Iramba); Philibert Ngaponda, Mkinga (Babati); na Tarsias B. Kagezi, Tarime (Nachingwea).Katika mabadiliko hayo, Mohammed Gwalima ameteuliwa kuwa Kaimu Mkurugenzi wa Halmashauri ya Chamwino.
Wananchi wanaitaka adhabu ya kifo- Waziri
Na BAKARI MNKONDO, DODOMA
SERIKALI imesema wananchi wengi wamependekeza adhabu ya kifo iendelee, Bunge limeambiwa.Akiwasilisha makadirio ya matumizi ya Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria kwa mwaka wa fedha 2007/2008, Waziri wa wizara hiyo, Dk. Mary Nagu alisema utafiti uliofanyika kuhusiana na hoja hiyo umebaini wengi wanataka iendelee.Alisema uratibu wa masuala ya haki za binadamu ulitekelezwa vizuri na serikali ilishughulikia uchunguzi kuhusu kufutwa kwa adhabu ya kifo.“Kufuatia taarifa iliyowasilishwa na mashirika yasiyokuwa ya kiserikali katika Tume ya Haki za Binadamu na Watu ya Afrika iliyoko Banjul… mashirika hayo yalitaka tume hiyo itoe tamko dhidi ya adhabu hii,” alisema.Aliongeza kuwa: “Wabunge watakumbuka kwamba Tume ya Kurekebisha Sheria imefanya utafiti kuhusu hoja hii na wananchi walio wengi walitaka adhabu ya kifo iendelee”.Katika hatua nyingine, serikali inaendelea na juhudi za kuboresha utoaji haki na kusogeza huduma kwa wananchi kwa kuendeleza mchakato wa kutenganisha shughuli za upelelezi na zile za uendeshaji mashitaka.Dk. Mary alisema polisi na asasi zingine za upelelezi zitaendelea na jukumu la upelelezi tu na Mkurugenzi wa Mashitaka ataendesha mashitaka.“Mawakili 156 na wafanyakazi 27 wa kada nyingine wataajiriwa kwa awamu kufanikisha kazi hii,” alisema na kuongeza kuwa mchakato wa mapendekezo ya kutunga sheria mpya ya kusimamia mfumo wa kuendesha mashitaka umeanza.Kuhusu kesi za rushwa, serikali imesema hadi sasa majalada 19 yameshughulikiwa, ambapo 15 yameonekana kufaa kufunguliwa kesi na manne hayawezi kufunguliwa kesi mahakamani.Wizara hiyo imeomba kuidhinishiwa sh. 69,860,784,800 kwa ajili ya matumizi kwa mwaka wa fedha 2007/2008.Katika hatua nyingine, Dk. Mary alitangaza bungeni jana kuwa jina halisi la wizara yake ni Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria.Hali hiyo inafuatia kuwepo kwa mkanganyiko wa jina la wizara hiyo, ambapo wengine walikuwa wakiita au kuandika Wizara ya Sheria na Katiba.
NEC yakutana kushughulikia wagombea
Kamati Kuu haikumkemea Makamba
NA JACQUELINE LIANA, DODOMA
HALMASHAURI Kuu ya Taifa (NEC) ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi inakutana leo na kesho mjini hapa, kushughulikia uteuzi wa wagombea uongozi wa CCM ngazi ya wilaya, mkoa na taifa.Taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari iliyotolewa jana na Katibu wa Halmashauri Kuu ya Taifa, Itikadi na Uenezi, Aggrey Mwanri ilisema kikao hicho pia kitajadili hali ya kisiasa ilivyo nchini.Mkutano huo utakaofanyika chini ya Mwenyekiti wa Chama Cha Mapinduzi, Rais Jakaya Kikwete, unafuatia kikao cha Kamati Kuu ya Halmashauri Kuu ya Taifa ya CCM, kilichomalizika juzi.Agenda nyingine za kikao cha NEC, zilizotajwa katika taarifa hiyo ni kujadiliwa kwa taarifa ya maendeleo ya maandalizi ya mkutano mkuu wa nane wa taifa wa CCM, utakaofanyika Novemba, mwaka huu.”Pamoja na agenda ya hali ya kisiasa ilivyo nchini, mkutano huo wa Halmashauri Kuu ya Taifa utashughulikia uteuzi wa wagombea uongozi wa CCM ngazi ya wilaya, mkoa na taifa,” ilisema taarifa hiyo.Kikao hicho cha NEC pia kitapokea na kujadili taarifa ya ziara ya Makamu Mwenyekiti wa CCM, Rais Amani Abeid Karume aliyoifanya Ujerumani Mei 6 hadi Mei 9, mwaka huu.Pia mkutano utapokea na kujadili taarifa ya mkutano mkuu, kuhusu wajibu na nafasi ya vyama vya siasa katika mchakato wa ushirikiano wa kikanda Afrika, uliofanyika Naivasha, Kenya, mwezi huu.Wakati huo huo, CCM imetoa rai kwa vyombo vya habari kuisaidia jamii kwa kuipatia habari sahihi na zilizothibitishwa kuhusu vikao vya Chama vinavyoendelea.Katika taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari, Mwanri alisema upatikanaji wa habari sahihi kuhusu yanayojadiliwa na kuamuliwa kwenye vikao hivyo ni jambo muhimu.“CCM ni Chama tawala, kikiwa na dhamana ya kiutawala, takribani Watanzania wote wangependa kujua nini kinajadiliwa na kuamuliwa kwani maamuzi ya kisiasa ya Chama kinachotawala kwa vyovyote vile yatagusa maisha yao. “Hivyo basi upatikanaji wa habari sahihi kuhusu yanayojadiliwa na kuamuliwa kwenye vikao hivyo ni jambo muhimu sana,” ilifafanua taarifa hiyo.Baadhi ya vyombo vya habari, ilisema taarifa hiyo, vimeshatoa habari zinazodaiwa zimejadiliwa au kuamuliwa na vikao, wakati si kweli na si sahihi.“Navishauri vyombo vya habari kutafuta habari za kweli kuhusu CCM kutoka kwenye vyanzo vyenye mamlaka ya kutoa habari za Chama. Subirini habari za kweli zitolewe na wanaohusika kwa utaratibu uliowekwa na Chama, na ambao vyombo vya habari vinaufahamu kwani vimekuwa vikiwasiliana na CCM mara kwa mara kupitia utaratibu huo,” ilisema taarifa.Taarifa hiyo ilitoa mfano kwamba, habari zilizoandikwa na gazeti la Majira kuwa Kamati Kuu imemkemea Katibu Mkuu wa CCM, Yussuf Makamba, kwa kutumia lugha nzito katika kuzungumzia mwafaka baina ya CCM na CUF si za kweli.“Si vyema kwa chombo cha habari kuokoteza taarifa, ilhali wasomaji wanakitegemea katika kupata habari sahihi. Kwenda kinyume cha matarajio ya wasomaji ni kujivunjia heshima,” ilisisitiza taarifa hiyo.
Uhuru, 31/7/2007
Tuesday, 31 July 2007
Monday, 30 July 2007
Anniversary Mbagala
Napenda kujipongeza, kwa niaba ya familia yangu, kwa kutimiza mwaka mmoja ktk makazi mapya Mbagala siku ya leo!
Karibuni sana Mbagala.
Mosonga and family.
Karibuni sana Mbagala.
Mosonga and family.
Saturday, 28 July 2007
Man Utd's Fixtures and Results
July 2007
17 Jul Pre season: United vs Urawa Red Diamonds 11:05 A 2-2 -Draw
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20 Jul Pre-season United Vs FC Seoul 12:00 A 4 - 0 -Win
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23 Jul Pre-season United Vs Shenzhen FC 13:00 A 6 - 0 -W
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27 Jul Pre-season United Vs Guangzhou Pharmaceutical 13:00 A 3-0 -W
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August 2007
01 Aug Pre-season United Vs Inter Milan 20:00 H 2-3 Lost
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05 Aug FA Charity Shield United Vs Chelsea 15:00 A (Wembley) 1-1 90min. (3-0 Pen.) W
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12 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Reading 16:00 H
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15 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Portsmouth 19:45 A
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19 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Man City 13:30 A
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26 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Tottenham 16:00 H
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September 2007
01 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Sunderland 17:15 H
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15 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Everton 12:00 A
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23 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Chelsea 16:00 H
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29 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Birmingham 17:15 A
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October 2007
06 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Wigan 12:45 H
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20 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Aston Villa 17:15 A
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27 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Middlsbro 15:00 H
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November 2007
03 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Arsenal 12:45 A
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10 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Blackburn 15:00 H
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24 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Bolton 15:00 A
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December 2007
01 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Fulham 15:00 H
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08 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Derby County 15:00 H
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15 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Liverpool 12:00 A
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22 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Everton 15:00 H
17 Jul Pre season: United vs Urawa Red Diamonds 11:05 A 2-2 -Draw
-
20 Jul Pre-season United Vs FC Seoul 12:00 A 4 - 0 -Win
-
23 Jul Pre-season United Vs Shenzhen FC 13:00 A 6 - 0 -W
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27 Jul Pre-season United Vs Guangzhou Pharmaceutical 13:00 A 3-0 -W
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August 2007
01 Aug Pre-season United Vs Inter Milan 20:00 H 2-3 Lost
-
05 Aug FA Charity Shield United Vs Chelsea 15:00 A (Wembley) 1-1 90min. (3-0 Pen.) W
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12 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Reading 16:00 H
-
15 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Portsmouth 19:45 A
-
19 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Man City 13:30 A
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26 Aug Barclays Premiership United Vs Tottenham 16:00 H
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September 2007
01 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Sunderland 17:15 H
-
15 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Everton 12:00 A
-
23 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Chelsea 16:00 H
-
29 Sep Barclays Premiership United Vs Birmingham 17:15 A
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October 2007
06 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Wigan 12:45 H
-
20 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Aston Villa 17:15 A
-
27 Oct Barclays Premiership United Vs Middlsbro 15:00 H
-
November 2007
03 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Arsenal 12:45 A
-
10 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Blackburn 15:00 H
-
24 Nov Barclays Premiership United Vs Bolton 15:00 A
-
December 2007
01 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Fulham 15:00 H
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08 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Derby County 15:00 H
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15 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Liverpool 12:00 A
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22 Dec Barclays Premiership United Vs Everton 15:00 H
'Karibu JamboForums.Com'
Karibu JamboForums.Com- Tunapothubutu Kuongea kwa Uwazi!
Mpendwa mzalendo mwenzangu,
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Utakapoamua kujiunga nasi kuna mambo kadhaa ambayo niyaweke wazi kwako ili kukusaidia kuelewa namna ya kujiunga nasi:-
Uanachama ni bure na kujiandikisha haichukui zaidi ya dakika tatu, ukiona hauwezi kuandika baada ya kujisajili vuta subira na jaribu muda mchache baadae huku ukiendelea kubarizi ndani ya tovuti na kusoma mijadala kadhaa iliyopita kuweza kujenga hoja.
Unaweza kujiandikisha kwa kutumia jina lako halisi, lakini wengi wa wanachama wetu hutumia majina bandia ili kulinda nafasi na hadhi zao. Muhimu ni kuweka barua pepe ambayo una hakika unaweza kuwasiliana na wanachama wa tovuti hii.
Una uhuru wa kuchangia jambo lolote katika forum hiyo katika lugha ya Kiingereza au Kiswahili; lakini bila kutukana ama kutaja majina ya kweli ya mmojawapo wa wanachama (hata kama ni Rafiki yako) kwani tulikubaliana tangu awali kuheshimu identity ya wanachama wetu.
Utambulisho wako wa kiintaneti (IP Address) uko salama, na hautatolewa kwa mtu yeyote au chombo chochote kile. Unakuwa kwenye mtandao salama na huna sababu ya kumwofia mtu bali kuwaheshimu waliomo kwenye mtandao huo.
Zipo faida nyingi za wewe kujiunga nasi zaidi ya kupata nafasi ya kutoa mawazo na maoni yako. Kubwa zaidi ni hizi zifuatazo.
Unakuwa kwenye mtandao ambapo habari za kushtukiza zinazoihusu Tanzania zinakufikia mara moja na kwa haraka kuliko mahali pengine popote hata zaidi ya radio! Habari zinakufikia papo kwa hapo na kesho yake utazisikia magazetini.
Habari nyeti zinazohusu taifa letu zinamwaga kwa kuthubutu na zile tetesi ambazo zinazungumzwa pembeni ni rahisi kuonesha makosa yake kabla hazijafikia vyombo vya habari vya nyumbani. Sisi tulio wanachama tunajisikia huru sana kuuanika ukweli wa mambo ili pumba ijulikane na itenganishwe na mchele.
Unaweza kutetea msimamo wako na hoja zako bila kujali itikadi au mfungamano wowote. Kinachopendwa na wengi kwenye Jambo Forums ni hoja na hoja peke yake. Msemo wa “hoja hujibiwa kwa hoja” utakuta unarudiwa mara nyingi. Wanachama wa tovuti hii ni wa dini tofauti, itikadi za kisiasa tofauti na hupingana kwa hoja. Jazba zipo lakini huwa tunavumiliana na kutulizana.
Hata hivyo mara nyingi kama mahali popote penye watu wanaojadiliana bila ya shaka utakutana na mambo mengine ambayo hayatakufurahisha kama watu kukejeliana, kurushiana madongo n.k yote hayo ndiyo yanaifanya Jambo Forums kuwa ni mahali ambapo utajisikia uko nyumbani na mahali ambapo panakupa burudani ambayo hutopenda kuikosa.
Mambo mengine mengi utayafahamu mwenye pindi ukijiunga nasi na wakati wowote ukihitaji msaada wa maelekezo au jambo lolote, tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana na http://us.f362.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=invisible@jamboforums.com au http://us.f362.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=webmaster@jamboforums.com kwani hawa wanaweza kukusaidia kwa ukaribu na bila kuchelewa.
Ni matumaini yangu wewe kama mzalendo, utaungana na wazalendo wenzio kwenye mjadala huru zaidi, wazi zaidi na wenye kuthubutu zaidi. Tafadhali ungana nasi kwa kutembelea http://www.jamboforums.com/ na ili kujisajili angalia upande wa juu kuna neno “Register” bonyeza pale kisha fuata maelekezo. Hutojutia kuitembelea tovuti hii na daima utakubali kuwa sasa watanzania wanaongea!
Baadhi ya vitu vilivyojadiliwa kwenye tovuti hii ni pamoja na hivi:
• Maoni: Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki (Watanzania, Wakenya, Waganda, Wanyarwanda na Warundi hujadiliana hapa juu ya mawazo yao kuelekea kuundwa kwa Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki [East African Federation]… Jaribu kupatembelea ujionee mabishano yanayoendelea)
• Siasa (Hapa ndiko penye moto haswa! Siasa za Tanzania na Ulimwengu kwa ujumla wake hujadiliwa kwa mapana sana na kwa kujibizana kiheshima sana. Ni kwa kuangalia tulikotoka, tuliko na kuangalia tuendako)
• Hoja nzito! (Kijiwe cha wachambuzi wa hoja zenye kuhitaji upembuzi yakinifu. Hapa kuna makala ndefu ambazo wachambuzi wa mambo huziweka na kutoa changamoto kwa jamii husika)
• Vibweka vya 'wakubwa' (Hapa utakuta mikasa na udaku juu ya wale tunaowaita ‘wakubwa’ ikiwa ni pamoja na wanasiasa, matajiri na wote wenye majina makubwa ndani na nje ya Tanzania)
• Kutoka Bungeni (Hoja zote zinazotokea Bungeni hujadiliwa hapa kwa kina na kuipitia miswada kadha wa kadha inayowakilishwa katika Bunge letu)
• Habari kwa Ufupi (Hapa kuna habari toka vyanzo mbalimbali vya habari ikiwa ni pamoja na magazeti na television za ndani na nje ya Tanzania zinazowagusa watanzania kwa namna moja ama nyingine)
• Kutoka Ughaibuni (Uko ughaibuni na kuna issue? Basi unaiweka hapa ili kuweza kuwaarifu wenzako ili nao watambue nini kinaendelea huko. Hakiachwi kitu, kuna wanaouvuruga ubalozi wetu uliko? Basi unawatumia ujumbe na unakuwa delivered!)
• Nafasi za Kazi(Vacancies) (Hapa nafasi za kazi huwekwa kila kukicha na wale wanaotafuta ajira basi hujikuta wanafarijika pale wanapokuta kile walichokuwa wakikisaka siku nyingi)
• Miscellaneous (Kwa hoja zinazokuwa hazina mahala pa kuwekwa katika tovuti hii huwekwa hapa na wahusika huzipeleka wanakoona panastahili)
• NYEPESI (Hapa kuna zile nyepesinyepesi ambazo huenda ukizisoma ukabaki mdomo wazi!)
• Uchumi na Biashara (Kwa wale wachumi hapa ndipo maskani pao)
• Elimu (Matokeo ya mitihani, hoja zinazohusu ukuaji na uporomokaji wa elimu, scholarship za masomo n.k hujadiliwa hapa)
• Michezo/Burudani (Mara nyingi utakuta hata mechi zinazochezwa nyumbani tunapata matokeo chapchap bila kusubiri magazeti ya kesho; wanamiziki wetu na wasanii kwa ujumla wanajadiliwa hapa na namna ya kuinua viwango vya michezo hiyo na ushauri kwa wasanii wetu)
• Lugha (Wataalamu wa lugha hapa wanaghani na kujadiliana ukuaji wa lugha yetu ya Kiswahili)
• Jokes/Vimbwenga/Udaku (Kuna mikasa ya hapa na pale na vikatuni vya kuvunja mbavu!)
• Mahusiano na Mapenzi (Sina cha kukueleza kuhusu hapa, labda utembelee uone kilichopo)
• Dini/Imani (Wachambuzi wa masuala ya kiimani hukutana hapa, uzuri wanaheshimiana na kujibizana kwa uelewa mpana, kama unapenda kujua juu ya suala lolote la kiimani jaribu kuwauliza uone mwitikio wao)
• Kabrasha (Store) Letu (Hoja mbalimbali zilizojadiliwa zamani tukafikia muafaka huwekwa hapa kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu. Haina gharama kuzipitia kabla ya kujibu jambo flani ili kuweza kujua tuliwahi kuongelea nini na kivipi tulihitimisha)
Tutorials/Books + ICT Related issues + Online Technical Help
• ICT & related Discussions (Hapa ni kwa wataalam wa mambo ya ICT na masuala ya makompyuta, angalia mijadala inayoendelea hapa)
• Tutorials/Books/Notices (Kamata vitabu free of charge, omba notice usaidiwe namna ya kuzipata kirahisi n.k)
• Downloads (All are Free of charge and safe!)
Tunakusubiri kwa hamu ndugu yangu!
UKISHAUSOMA UJUMBE HUU WAFAHAMISHE WENZAKO
Mosonga says: Huu mwaliko nimeupokea kupitia barua pepe yangu 27/7/2007. Ninapenda kutumia nafasi hii nami pia kuusambaza kwa wasomaji wangu popote walipo!
Mpendwa mzalendo mwenzangu,
Ninayofuraha kubwa kwa niaba yangu na niaba ya wasimamizi wa Jukwaa la Maoni Huru la JamboForums, kutoa mwaliko kwako ili uweze kuungana nasi katika kushiriki katika mijadala mbalimbali inayohusu maisha na hali za watanzania na hatima ya taifa letu kwa ujumla.
Tovuti ya Jambo Forums ilianzishwa kama mwaka mmoja na nusu hivi uliyopita ili kuwa sehemu ambapo mijadala ya masuala mbalimbali yanayoihusu Tanzania kwa ujumla wake inaweza kufanyika kwa uhuru, uwazi, na kwa kuthubutu zaidi kuliko mtandao mwingine wowote ule ndani ya Tanzania. Dhamira ikiwa ni kuhakikisha uhuru wa kuongea unapewa upana zaidi na kwa usalama uwapo mtandaoni.
Utakapoamua kujiunga nasi kuna mambo kadhaa ambayo niyaweke wazi kwako ili kukusaidia kuelewa namna ya kujiunga nasi:-
Uanachama ni bure na kujiandikisha haichukui zaidi ya dakika tatu, ukiona hauwezi kuandika baada ya kujisajili vuta subira na jaribu muda mchache baadae huku ukiendelea kubarizi ndani ya tovuti na kusoma mijadala kadhaa iliyopita kuweza kujenga hoja.
Unaweza kujiandikisha kwa kutumia jina lako halisi, lakini wengi wa wanachama wetu hutumia majina bandia ili kulinda nafasi na hadhi zao. Muhimu ni kuweka barua pepe ambayo una hakika unaweza kuwasiliana na wanachama wa tovuti hii.
Una uhuru wa kuchangia jambo lolote katika forum hiyo katika lugha ya Kiingereza au Kiswahili; lakini bila kutukana ama kutaja majina ya kweli ya mmojawapo wa wanachama (hata kama ni Rafiki yako) kwani tulikubaliana tangu awali kuheshimu identity ya wanachama wetu.
Utambulisho wako wa kiintaneti (IP Address) uko salama, na hautatolewa kwa mtu yeyote au chombo chochote kile. Unakuwa kwenye mtandao salama na huna sababu ya kumwofia mtu bali kuwaheshimu waliomo kwenye mtandao huo.
Zipo faida nyingi za wewe kujiunga nasi zaidi ya kupata nafasi ya kutoa mawazo na maoni yako. Kubwa zaidi ni hizi zifuatazo.
Unakuwa kwenye mtandao ambapo habari za kushtukiza zinazoihusu Tanzania zinakufikia mara moja na kwa haraka kuliko mahali pengine popote hata zaidi ya radio! Habari zinakufikia papo kwa hapo na kesho yake utazisikia magazetini.
Habari nyeti zinazohusu taifa letu zinamwaga kwa kuthubutu na zile tetesi ambazo zinazungumzwa pembeni ni rahisi kuonesha makosa yake kabla hazijafikia vyombo vya habari vya nyumbani. Sisi tulio wanachama tunajisikia huru sana kuuanika ukweli wa mambo ili pumba ijulikane na itenganishwe na mchele.
Unaweza kutetea msimamo wako na hoja zako bila kujali itikadi au mfungamano wowote. Kinachopendwa na wengi kwenye Jambo Forums ni hoja na hoja peke yake. Msemo wa “hoja hujibiwa kwa hoja” utakuta unarudiwa mara nyingi. Wanachama wa tovuti hii ni wa dini tofauti, itikadi za kisiasa tofauti na hupingana kwa hoja. Jazba zipo lakini huwa tunavumiliana na kutulizana.
Hata hivyo mara nyingi kama mahali popote penye watu wanaojadiliana bila ya shaka utakutana na mambo mengine ambayo hayatakufurahisha kama watu kukejeliana, kurushiana madongo n.k yote hayo ndiyo yanaifanya Jambo Forums kuwa ni mahali ambapo utajisikia uko nyumbani na mahali ambapo panakupa burudani ambayo hutopenda kuikosa.
Mambo mengine mengi utayafahamu mwenye pindi ukijiunga nasi na wakati wowote ukihitaji msaada wa maelekezo au jambo lolote, tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana na http://us.f362.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=invisible@jamboforums.com au http://us.f362.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=webmaster@jamboforums.com kwani hawa wanaweza kukusaidia kwa ukaribu na bila kuchelewa.
Ni matumaini yangu wewe kama mzalendo, utaungana na wazalendo wenzio kwenye mjadala huru zaidi, wazi zaidi na wenye kuthubutu zaidi. Tafadhali ungana nasi kwa kutembelea http://www.jamboforums.com/ na ili kujisajili angalia upande wa juu kuna neno “Register” bonyeza pale kisha fuata maelekezo. Hutojutia kuitembelea tovuti hii na daima utakubali kuwa sasa watanzania wanaongea!
Baadhi ya vitu vilivyojadiliwa kwenye tovuti hii ni pamoja na hivi:
• Maoni: Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki (Watanzania, Wakenya, Waganda, Wanyarwanda na Warundi hujadiliana hapa juu ya mawazo yao kuelekea kuundwa kwa Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki [East African Federation]… Jaribu kupatembelea ujionee mabishano yanayoendelea)
• Siasa (Hapa ndiko penye moto haswa! Siasa za Tanzania na Ulimwengu kwa ujumla wake hujadiliwa kwa mapana sana na kwa kujibizana kiheshima sana. Ni kwa kuangalia tulikotoka, tuliko na kuangalia tuendako)
• Hoja nzito! (Kijiwe cha wachambuzi wa hoja zenye kuhitaji upembuzi yakinifu. Hapa kuna makala ndefu ambazo wachambuzi wa mambo huziweka na kutoa changamoto kwa jamii husika)
• Vibweka vya 'wakubwa' (Hapa utakuta mikasa na udaku juu ya wale tunaowaita ‘wakubwa’ ikiwa ni pamoja na wanasiasa, matajiri na wote wenye majina makubwa ndani na nje ya Tanzania)
• Kutoka Bungeni (Hoja zote zinazotokea Bungeni hujadiliwa hapa kwa kina na kuipitia miswada kadha wa kadha inayowakilishwa katika Bunge letu)
• Habari kwa Ufupi (Hapa kuna habari toka vyanzo mbalimbali vya habari ikiwa ni pamoja na magazeti na television za ndani na nje ya Tanzania zinazowagusa watanzania kwa namna moja ama nyingine)
• Kutoka Ughaibuni (Uko ughaibuni na kuna issue? Basi unaiweka hapa ili kuweza kuwaarifu wenzako ili nao watambue nini kinaendelea huko. Hakiachwi kitu, kuna wanaouvuruga ubalozi wetu uliko? Basi unawatumia ujumbe na unakuwa delivered!)
• Nafasi za Kazi(Vacancies) (Hapa nafasi za kazi huwekwa kila kukicha na wale wanaotafuta ajira basi hujikuta wanafarijika pale wanapokuta kile walichokuwa wakikisaka siku nyingi)
• Miscellaneous (Kwa hoja zinazokuwa hazina mahala pa kuwekwa katika tovuti hii huwekwa hapa na wahusika huzipeleka wanakoona panastahili)
• NYEPESI (Hapa kuna zile nyepesinyepesi ambazo huenda ukizisoma ukabaki mdomo wazi!)
• Uchumi na Biashara (Kwa wale wachumi hapa ndipo maskani pao)
• Elimu (Matokeo ya mitihani, hoja zinazohusu ukuaji na uporomokaji wa elimu, scholarship za masomo n.k hujadiliwa hapa)
• Michezo/Burudani (Mara nyingi utakuta hata mechi zinazochezwa nyumbani tunapata matokeo chapchap bila kusubiri magazeti ya kesho; wanamiziki wetu na wasanii kwa ujumla wanajadiliwa hapa na namna ya kuinua viwango vya michezo hiyo na ushauri kwa wasanii wetu)
• Lugha (Wataalamu wa lugha hapa wanaghani na kujadiliana ukuaji wa lugha yetu ya Kiswahili)
• Jokes/Vimbwenga/Udaku (Kuna mikasa ya hapa na pale na vikatuni vya kuvunja mbavu!)
• Mahusiano na Mapenzi (Sina cha kukueleza kuhusu hapa, labda utembelee uone kilichopo)
• Dini/Imani (Wachambuzi wa masuala ya kiimani hukutana hapa, uzuri wanaheshimiana na kujibizana kwa uelewa mpana, kama unapenda kujua juu ya suala lolote la kiimani jaribu kuwauliza uone mwitikio wao)
• Kabrasha (Store) Letu (Hoja mbalimbali zilizojadiliwa zamani tukafikia muafaka huwekwa hapa kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu. Haina gharama kuzipitia kabla ya kujibu jambo flani ili kuweza kujua tuliwahi kuongelea nini na kivipi tulihitimisha)
Tutorials/Books + ICT Related issues + Online Technical Help
• ICT & related Discussions (Hapa ni kwa wataalam wa mambo ya ICT na masuala ya makompyuta, angalia mijadala inayoendelea hapa)
• Tutorials/Books/Notices (Kamata vitabu free of charge, omba notice usaidiwe namna ya kuzipata kirahisi n.k)
• Downloads (All are Free of charge and safe!)
Tunakusubiri kwa hamu ndugu yangu!
UKISHAUSOMA UJUMBE HUU WAFAHAMISHE WENZAKO
Mosonga says: Huu mwaliko nimeupokea kupitia barua pepe yangu 27/7/2007. Ninapenda kutumia nafasi hii nami pia kuusambaza kwa wasomaji wangu popote walipo!
Friday, 27 July 2007
Guangzhou 0 United 3
Pre-season friendlyGuangdong Olympic Stadium
GUANGZHOU PHARMACEUTICAL -0
MANCHESTER UNITED -3 (Rooney, Nani, Lee Martin)
Team Line-ups:
United: Kuszczak (Heaton 46); Bardsley, Vidic (Silvestre 58), Ferdinand (Brown 58), Simpson; Martin (Evra 58), Carrick, Gibson (O'Shea 46), Nani (Eagles 58); Rooney (Ronaldo 76), Dong (Smith 62)Unused subs: Evans, Fletcher
Guangzhou: Shuai; Zhihai (Xichang 74), Dechao (Suozhi 83), Yan, Wenpeng (Zhixing 56), Z Lin (Xianrong 69);
27/07/2007, Report by Nick Coppack, Man Utd website
Monday, 23 July 2007
Shenzen FC -0 Man Utd -6
SHENZHEN FC -0
MANCHESTER UNITED -6
United: van der Sar (Kuszczak, 45), Brown, Vidic (Ferdinand, 45), Evans, Evra, Nani, Fletcher, Gibson (O'Shea, 45), Ronaldo, Giggs (Smith, 45), Rooney
Subs: Carrick, Eagles, Simpson, Bardsley, Silvestre, Dong
Full Time:
United: van der Sar (Kuszczak, 45), Brown, Vidic (Ferdinand, 45), Evans, Evra (Silvestre, 59), Nani (Carrick, 59), Fletcher, Gibson (O'Shea, 45), Ronaldo (Eagles, 59), Giggs (Smith, 45), Rooney (Dong, 59)
MANCHESTER UNITED -6
United: van der Sar (Kuszczak, 45), Brown, Vidic (Ferdinand, 45), Evans, Evra, Nani, Fletcher, Gibson (O'Shea, 45), Ronaldo, Giggs (Smith, 45), Rooney
Subs: Carrick, Eagles, Simpson, Bardsley, Silvestre, Dong
Full Time:
United: van der Sar (Kuszczak, 45), Brown, Vidic (Ferdinand, 45), Evans, Evra (Silvestre, 59), Nani (Carrick, 59), Fletcher, Gibson (O'Shea, 45), Ronaldo (Eagles, 59), Giggs (Smith, 45), Rooney (Dong, 59)
Hierarchy of roads
The hierarchy of roads categorizes roads according to their functions and capacities. While sources differ on the exact nomenclature, the basic hierarchy comprises freeways, arterials, collectors, and local roads.
The related concept of access management aims to provide access to land development, while ensuring traffic flows freely and safely on surrounding roads.
Contents:
1 United States
1.1 Freeways
1.2 Arterials
1.3 Collectors
1.4 Local roads
2 United Kingdom
2.1 Motorway
2.2 Primary A-road
2.3 Non-primary A-road
2.4 B road
2.5 C road
2.6 Unclassified
3 France
3.1 Autoroutes
3.2 Route Nationale
3.3 Routes Départmentals
3.4 Routes Communales
4 Elsewhere in Europe
United States
Freeways
At the top of the hierarchy are limited access roads freeways or motorways, including most toll roads. These roads provide largely uninterrupted travel, often using partial or full access control, and are designed for high speeds. Some freeways have collector/distributor lanes (also known as local lanes) which further reduce the number of access ramps that directly interface with the freeway, rather the freeway periodically interfaces with these parallel roadways, which themselves have multiple on and off-ramps. These allow the freeway to operate with less friction at an even higher speed and with higher flow. Often freeways are included in the next category, arterials.
Arterials
Arterials are major through roads that are expected to carry large volumes of traffic. Arterials are often divided into major and minor arterials, and rural and urban arterials.
In some places there are large divided roads with few or no driveways that cannot be called freeways because they have occasional at-grade intersections with traffic lights that stop traffic (expressways in California, dual carriageways in UK ) or they are just too short (superarterials in Nevada). Such roads are usually classified as arterials.
Frontage roads are often used to reduce the conflict between the high-speed nature of an arterial and property access concerns.
Collectors
Collectors (not to be confused with collector/distributor roads, which reduce weaving on freeways), collect traffic from local roads, and distribute it to arterials. Traffic using a collector is usually going to or coming from somewhere nearby.
Local roads
At the bottom of the hierarchy are local streets and roads. These roads have the lowest speed limit, and carry low volumes of traffic. In some areas, these roads may be unpaved.
United Kingdom
Motorway
Same as freeway designated with an M prefix or (M) suffix. e.g M1, A1(M). The speed limit is generally 70mph and there is a hard shoulder, an often slightly narrower lane next to lane 1, which is usually only to be used in cases of an emergency. Emergency telephones are located every mile along the route so motorists with broken-down vehicles can contact the authorities, although this is increasingly being done using mobile phones. Signs are blue with white text for both destinations and motorway numbers. In general, junctions are given numbers which are displayed prominently, sometimes with a letter suffix, in a small black box on all the signs for any given junction. Junctions are generally signed one mile before they exit, with three or four further signs as the junction is reached, although on busy urban stretches this first warning can reduce to about ⅓mile. Cyclists, pedestrians, mopeds, very slow vehicles and certain other traffic is banned.
Primary A-road
Green on maps and signs. A main recommended route these can be either single carriageway or dual carriageway. The primary road network is fully connected, meaning you can reach any part from any other without leaving the network. Some of the major dual carriageway primary routes have numbered junctions in the style of the Continental semi-motorways. Many Primary Routes are largely or wholly subject to clearway restrictions, and in major cities they may be classed as red routes. Emergency telephones, if present at all, are usually infrequent - there may be some additional telephones operated by the UK's two main motoring organisations, the RAC and the AA, but these are becoming rarer.
Non-primary A-road
Often exists where the route is important but there is a nearby primary route (A or motorway) which duplicates this road's function. Shown as red on maps, and has white signage with black lettering. Some non-Primary A-class roads are partially subject to clearway restrictions.
B road
Regional in nature and used to connect areas of lesser importance. Usually shown as brown or yellow on maps and have the same white signs as non-Primary A-Class routes.
C road
C roads are used as local authority designations for routes within their area. Their numbers are not supposed to be advertised, even though many local destinations may be signed along them. Occasionally one will see a sign for a C-class road where a local authority has loosely interpreted the guidelines.
Unclassified
Unclassified roads are local roads with no defined destination. Local destinations may, however, be signed along them.
France
Autoroutes
Along with the rest of Europe, France has Motorways or Autoroutes similar to the British network. Unlike in the UK, the network is mostly accessible on payment of a toll, which is usually distance-dependent; there are generally more Toll (péage) Motorways in the South of France. However, sections passing through or close to major towns and cities are usually free. As in the UK, destinations reached via a motorway are shown with white text on a blue background. Junctions are usually numbered, the numbers being shown on signs in a small oval in the corner of the sign.
Route Nationale
Before the building of the Autoroutes, the Routes Nationales were the highest classification of road. They are denoted by a route number beginning N, or occasionally, RN. Going back to a Napoleonic road classification system, these are main roads comparable with British Primary Routes. They are maintained directly by the state and are usually the shortest route between major centres. Many N-Class roads are dual carriageway for some or all of their length, with a few also being given the designation of semi-motorway, where junctions are grade-separated and there is a central reservation with crash barrier. The hard shoulder, or bande d'arrêt d'urgence, is often narrower than on full motorways and there are fewer emergency telephones.
Routes Départmentals
France (including overseas territory) is split into 100 Départments, the second-highest tier of local government, similar to a UK county or US state. The Départments have responsibility for all roads beginning with a letter D, or occasionally RD. These roads vary in quality, from newly built local dual carriageways and downgraded Routes Nationales to winding roads that are barely wide enough for traffic to pass. Generally, they are quieter than the Routes Nationales, and of a reasonable standard.
Routes Communales
In general, each settlement in France is a Commune - akin to a British Civil Parish. This most local level of government is responsible for maintaining all the local roads, which are numbered with a letter C prefix. Except in major towns and cities, where their numbers are usually not marked on signs, they are usually single-track and may be in a state of poor repair due to the large number of roads covered by populations as small as 10.
Elsewhere in Europe
Most of Europe has adopted Motorways (Autoroutes/Autobahns/Autopistas), usually similar to those in France and the UK. The idea was originally developed in Germany, where all motorways are toll-free, and has spread widely. All major through routes in the EU and neighbouring countries have a European E-Road number in addition, or in the case of some countries' motorways, instead of a national number. In the UK these numbers are not displayed.
Otherwise, most other European countries have some form of differentiating between national routes, regional and inter-regional roads and other local routes.
source: wikipedia
The related concept of access management aims to provide access to land development, while ensuring traffic flows freely and safely on surrounding roads.
Contents:
1 United States
1.1 Freeways
1.2 Arterials
1.3 Collectors
1.4 Local roads
2 United Kingdom
2.1 Motorway
2.2 Primary A-road
2.3 Non-primary A-road
2.4 B road
2.5 C road
2.6 Unclassified
3 France
3.1 Autoroutes
3.2 Route Nationale
3.3 Routes Départmentals
3.4 Routes Communales
4 Elsewhere in Europe
United States
Freeways
At the top of the hierarchy are limited access roads freeways or motorways, including most toll roads. These roads provide largely uninterrupted travel, often using partial or full access control, and are designed for high speeds. Some freeways have collector/distributor lanes (also known as local lanes) which further reduce the number of access ramps that directly interface with the freeway, rather the freeway periodically interfaces with these parallel roadways, which themselves have multiple on and off-ramps. These allow the freeway to operate with less friction at an even higher speed and with higher flow. Often freeways are included in the next category, arterials.
Arterials
Arterials are major through roads that are expected to carry large volumes of traffic. Arterials are often divided into major and minor arterials, and rural and urban arterials.
In some places there are large divided roads with few or no driveways that cannot be called freeways because they have occasional at-grade intersections with traffic lights that stop traffic (expressways in California, dual carriageways in UK ) or they are just too short (superarterials in Nevada). Such roads are usually classified as arterials.
Frontage roads are often used to reduce the conflict between the high-speed nature of an arterial and property access concerns.
Collectors
Collectors (not to be confused with collector/distributor roads, which reduce weaving on freeways), collect traffic from local roads, and distribute it to arterials. Traffic using a collector is usually going to or coming from somewhere nearby.
Local roads
At the bottom of the hierarchy are local streets and roads. These roads have the lowest speed limit, and carry low volumes of traffic. In some areas, these roads may be unpaved.
United Kingdom
Motorway
Same as freeway designated with an M prefix or (M) suffix. e.g M1, A1(M). The speed limit is generally 70mph and there is a hard shoulder, an often slightly narrower lane next to lane 1, which is usually only to be used in cases of an emergency. Emergency telephones are located every mile along the route so motorists with broken-down vehicles can contact the authorities, although this is increasingly being done using mobile phones. Signs are blue with white text for both destinations and motorway numbers. In general, junctions are given numbers which are displayed prominently, sometimes with a letter suffix, in a small black box on all the signs for any given junction. Junctions are generally signed one mile before they exit, with three or four further signs as the junction is reached, although on busy urban stretches this first warning can reduce to about ⅓mile. Cyclists, pedestrians, mopeds, very slow vehicles and certain other traffic is banned.
Primary A-road
Green on maps and signs. A main recommended route these can be either single carriageway or dual carriageway. The primary road network is fully connected, meaning you can reach any part from any other without leaving the network. Some of the major dual carriageway primary routes have numbered junctions in the style of the Continental semi-motorways. Many Primary Routes are largely or wholly subject to clearway restrictions, and in major cities they may be classed as red routes. Emergency telephones, if present at all, are usually infrequent - there may be some additional telephones operated by the UK's two main motoring organisations, the RAC and the AA, but these are becoming rarer.
Non-primary A-road
Often exists where the route is important but there is a nearby primary route (A or motorway) which duplicates this road's function. Shown as red on maps, and has white signage with black lettering. Some non-Primary A-class roads are partially subject to clearway restrictions.
B road
Regional in nature and used to connect areas of lesser importance. Usually shown as brown or yellow on maps and have the same white signs as non-Primary A-Class routes.
C road
C roads are used as local authority designations for routes within their area. Their numbers are not supposed to be advertised, even though many local destinations may be signed along them. Occasionally one will see a sign for a C-class road where a local authority has loosely interpreted the guidelines.
Unclassified
Unclassified roads are local roads with no defined destination. Local destinations may, however, be signed along them.
France
Autoroutes
Along with the rest of Europe, France has Motorways or Autoroutes similar to the British network. Unlike in the UK, the network is mostly accessible on payment of a toll, which is usually distance-dependent; there are generally more Toll (péage) Motorways in the South of France. However, sections passing through or close to major towns and cities are usually free. As in the UK, destinations reached via a motorway are shown with white text on a blue background. Junctions are usually numbered, the numbers being shown on signs in a small oval in the corner of the sign.
Route Nationale
Before the building of the Autoroutes, the Routes Nationales were the highest classification of road. They are denoted by a route number beginning N, or occasionally, RN. Going back to a Napoleonic road classification system, these are main roads comparable with British Primary Routes. They are maintained directly by the state and are usually the shortest route between major centres. Many N-Class roads are dual carriageway for some or all of their length, with a few also being given the designation of semi-motorway, where junctions are grade-separated and there is a central reservation with crash barrier. The hard shoulder, or bande d'arrêt d'urgence, is often narrower than on full motorways and there are fewer emergency telephones.
Routes Départmentals
France (including overseas territory) is split into 100 Départments, the second-highest tier of local government, similar to a UK county or US state. The Départments have responsibility for all roads beginning with a letter D, or occasionally RD. These roads vary in quality, from newly built local dual carriageways and downgraded Routes Nationales to winding roads that are barely wide enough for traffic to pass. Generally, they are quieter than the Routes Nationales, and of a reasonable standard.
Routes Communales
In general, each settlement in France is a Commune - akin to a British Civil Parish. This most local level of government is responsible for maintaining all the local roads, which are numbered with a letter C prefix. Except in major towns and cities, where their numbers are usually not marked on signs, they are usually single-track and may be in a state of poor repair due to the large number of roads covered by populations as small as 10.
Elsewhere in Europe
Most of Europe has adopted Motorways (Autoroutes/Autobahns/Autopistas), usually similar to those in France and the UK. The idea was originally developed in Germany, where all motorways are toll-free, and has spread widely. All major through routes in the EU and neighbouring countries have a European E-Road number in addition, or in the case of some countries' motorways, instead of a national number. In the UK these numbers are not displayed.
Otherwise, most other European countries have some form of differentiating between national routes, regional and inter-regional roads and other local routes.
source: wikipedia
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